AUTOSUGGESTION – is a psychological technique where an individual consciously directs their own thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors through the repetition of self-directed affirmations. It is based on the premise that the subconscious mind does not differentiate between a real experience and a vividly imagined one, allowing for the potential to reshape one’s mindset or physiological state.
AFFECT is a short-term, intense state of emotional arousal resulting from frustration or some other powerful psychological factor, usually related to the unsatisfaction of vital human needs.
AFFILIATION is the human need to establish, maintain, and strengthen emotionally positive relationships—friendship, companionship, and friendship—with others.
AFFIRMATION is a short phrase containing a verbal formula that, when repeated, cements the desired image or attitude in a person’s subconscious, helping to improve their psycho-emotional state and stimulating positive life changes.
A PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER is an internal obstacle of a psychological nature (unwillingness, fear, lack of confidence, etc.) that prevents a person from completing a certain action. It often arises in business and personal relationships and hinders the establishment of open and trusting relations between people.
UNCONSCIOUS – a characteristic of a person’s psychological properties, processes, and states that are outside the sphere of their consciousness, but have the same influence on their behavior as consciousness.
A LARGE GROUP – a significant social association of people, formed based on some abstract socio-demographic characteristic: gender, age, nationality, professional affiliation, social or economic status, etc.
DELIRIUM – an abnormal, morbid state of the human psyche, accompanied by fantastic images, visions, and hallucinations.
VALIDITY is the quality of a psychological research method, expressed in its correspondence to what it was originally intended to study and evaluate.
FAITH is a person’s conviction in something, not supported by convincing logical arguments or facts.
VERBAL – relating to human vocal speech.
ATTENTION is a state of psychological concentration, focused on an object.
INNER SPEECH is a special type of human speech activity, directly related to the unconscious, automatic processes of translating thoughts into words and vice versa.
SUGGESTION is the unconscious influence of one person on another, causing certain changes in their psychology and behavior.
EXCITABILITY is the property of living matter to enter a state of excitement under the influence of stimuli and retain traces of this excitement for some time.
WILL is a property (process, state) of a person, manifested in their ability to consciously control their psyche and actions. It manifests itself in overcoming obstacles that arise on the path to achieving a consciously set goal.
IMAGINATION is the ability to imagine an absent or non-existent object, hold it in consciousness, and mentally manipulate it.
PERCEPTION is the process by which a person receives and processes various information entering the brain through the senses. It culminates in the formation of an image.
REPRESSION is one of the defense mechanisms in the psychoanalytic theory of personality (see psychoanalysis). Under the influence of REPRESSION, information that causes strong, unpleasant emotional experiences is removed from a person’s memory and placed in the unconscious.
HALLUCINATIONS are unreal, fantastic images that arise in people during illnesses that affect their mental state.
GENIUS is the highest level of development of any human ability, making them an outstanding personality in a relevant field or sphere of activity.
GENOTYPE is the set of genes or any qualities inherited by a person from their parents.
HYPERBULIA is a pathological increase in volitional activity, an increased desire for activity.
HYPNOSIS is a temporary shutdown of a person’s consciousness or the removal of conscious control over one’s own behavior caused by suggestive influence.
HYPORBULIA is a pathological weakening of volitional activity, the desire for activity.
DAYDREAMS are a person’s fantasies and dreams, painting in their imagination pleasant, desired pictures of the future life.
GROUP is a group of people, distinguished by one or more common characteristics.
GROUP DYNAMICS is a field of research in social psychology that studies the process of emergence, functioning, and development of different groups.
DEPERSONALIZATION (depersonalization) is a temporary loss of the psychological and behavioral characteristics that define a person.
DEPRESSION is a state of mental disorder, depression, characterized by a loss of strength and decreased activity.
Determining causal conditioning.
ACTIVITY is a specific type of human activity aimed at creative transformation and improvement of reality and oneself.
DISTRESS is the negative impact of a stressful situation on human activity, up to and including its destruction.
DOMINANT is the predominant source of excitation in the human brain, associated with increased attention or an urgent need. It can be enhanced by attracting excitations from neighboring areas of the brain. The concept of Depression was introduced by A. Ukhtomsky.
SOUL is an old name for a set of phenomena studied in modern psychology, used in science before the advent of the word “psychology.”
DESIRE is the state of an actualized need, i.e., one that has begun to act, accompanied by a desire and willingness to do something specific to satisfy it.
GESTURE is a human hand movement expressing an internal state or pointing to an object in the external world.
LIFE ACTIVITY is the totality of activities encompassed by the concept of “life” and inherent to living matter.
FORGETTING is a memory process associated with the loss of traces of previous influences and the ability to reproduce them.
POTENTIAL is a prerequisite for the development of abilities. It can be innate or acquired during life.
SUBSTITUTION (sublimation) is a defense mechanism that represents the subconscious replacement of one forbidden or practically unattainable goal with another, permitted and more accessible, capable of at least partially satisfying the current need.
CONTAMINATION is a psychological term denoting the unconscious transmission of certain emotions, states, and impulses from person to person.
DEFENSE MECHANISMS is a psychoanalytic concept denoting a set of unconscious techniques by which a person, as an individual, protects themselves from psychological trauma.
MEMORIZATION is a memory process that denotes the introduction of newly incoming information into the memory.
SIGN is a symbol or object serving as a substitute for another object.
MEANING (of a word, concept) is the content that all people who use a given word or concept attach to it.
ZONE OF POTENTIAL (PROXIMAL) DEVELOPMENT is the potential for mental development that opens up in a person with minimal outside assistance. The concept of Z.p.r. was introduced by L.S. Vygotsky.
IDENTIFICATION — identification. In psychology, it is the establishment of similarities between one person and another, aimed at their memory and the personal development of the person identifying with them.
ILLUSIONS — phenomena of perception, imagination, and memory that exist only in the human mind and do not correspond to any real phenomenon or object.
IMPULSIVITY — a characterological trait of a person, manifested in their tendency to fleeting, ill-considered actions and deeds.
INDIVIDUAL — a single person in the totality of all their inherent qualities: biological, physical, social, psychological, etc.
INDIVIDUALITY — a unique combination of individual properties of a person that distinguishes them from others.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY STYLE — a stable combination of characteristics of the performance of different types of activities by the same person.
INITIATIVE — a person’s manifestation of activity that is not stimulated from the outside and is not determined by circumstances beyond their control.
INSIGHT (illumination, conjecture) is a sudden, unexpected discovery of a solution to a problem that a person has been pondering for a long time.
INSTINCT is an innate, largely unchangeable form of behavior that ensures the organism’s adaptation to typical living conditions.
INTELLIGENT is a person of deep inner culture and independent thinking.
INTELLIGENCE is the combination of the mental abilities of humans and some higher animals, such as great apes.
INTERACTION is interaction.
INTEREST is an emotionally charged, heightened human attention to an object or phenomenon.
INTROVERSION is a person’s turning of consciousness inward; absorption in one’s own problems and experiences, accompanied by a weakening of attention to what is happening around them.
INSTINCT is one of the basic personality traits.
INTROSPECTION is a method of understanding mental phenomena through self-observation, i.e., a person’s careful study of what occurs in their consciousness when solving various types of problems.
INTUITION is the ability to quickly find the right solution to a problem and navigate complex life situations, as well as anticipate the course of events.
INFANTILISM is the manifestation of childish traits in the psychology and behavior of an adult.
SUBJECT is a person subjected to scientific psychological experiments.
SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CLIMATE – a general socio-psychological characteristic of the state of a small group, especially the human relationships that have developed within it.
COGNITIVE HELPLESSNESS – a psychological state or situation in which an individual, possessing the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to solve a problem, is unable to cope with it due to a variety of cognitive factors.
COLLECTIVE – a highly developed small group of people, the relationships in which are built on positive moral norms. K. has increased work efficiency, manifested in the form of a superadditive effect.
COMMUNICATIONS – contacts, communication, information exchange, and interaction between people.
COMPENSATION – a person’s ability to get rid of worries about their own shortcomings through intensive self-improvement and the development of other positive qualities. The concept of K. was introduced by A. Adler.
INFERIORITY COMPLEX – a complex human condition associated with a lack of certain qualities (abilities, knowledge, skills, and abilities), accompanied by profound negative emotional experiences related to this.
REVIVAL COMPLEX – a complex sensory-motor reaction of an infant (approximately 2-3 months), arising during the perception of a loved one, primarily their mother.
CONVERGENCE – the convergence of the visual axes of the eyes on an object or at a single point in visual space.
CONSTANTNESS OF PERCEPTION – the ability to perceive objects and see them as relatively constant in size, shape, and color under changing physical conditions of perception.
INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICT – a state of dissatisfaction with certain circumstances of a person’s life, associated with the presence of conflicting interests, aspirations, and needs, generating affects and stress.
INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT is a difficult-to-resolve contradiction arising between people and caused by the incompatibility of their views, interests, goals, and needs.
CONFORMITY is the uncritical acceptance of another’s incorrect opinion, accompanied by an insincere rejection of their own opinion, the correctness of which the person does not internally doubt. Such a rejection, in conformist behavior, is usually motivated by some opportunistic considerations.
CORRELATION is a mathematical concept indicating a statistical relationship existing between the phenomena under study.
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT QUOTIENT is a numerical indicator of a person’s mental development, obtained as a result of special tests designed to quantitatively assess the level of a person’s intellect.
CRISIS is a state of mental disorder caused by a person’s prolonged dissatisfaction with themselves and their relationships with the outside world. Age-related C. often occurs when a person transitions from one age group to another.
LABILITY is a property of neural processes (the nervous system) manifested in the ability to conduct a certain number of neural impulses per unit of time. L. also characterizes the rate of initiation and termination of a neural process.
A LEADER is a group member whose authority, power, or influence is unconditionally recognized by other members of a small group, who are willing to follow him.
LEADERSHIP is the behavior of a leader in a small group. The acquisition or loss of leadership authority, the exercise of leadership functions.
PERSONALITY is a concept denoting the totality of a person’s stable psychological qualities that constitute their individuality.
LOCUS OF CONTROL is a concept characterizing the localization of causes, based on which a person explains their own behavior and the observed behavior of others. Internal L.C. is the search for causes of behavior within the person, and external L.C. is their localization outside the person, in the environment. The concept of L.C. was introduced by the American psychologist J. Rotter.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY is a long-term scientific investigation of the formation, development, and change of any psychological or behavioral phenomena.
LOVE is the highest human spiritual feeling, rich in diverse emotional experiences, based on noble sentiments and high moral standards, and accompanied by a willingness to do everything in one’s power for the well-being of a loved one.
MASOCHISM is self-abasement and self-torture, caused by dissatisfaction with oneself and the conviction that the causes of one’s failures in life lie within oneself (see internal locus of control). M. is one of the main concepts used in the typology of social characters proposed by the German-American scientist E. Fromm.
SMALL GROUP is a small group of people, ranging from 2-3 to 20-30 people, engaged in a common cause and having direct personal contact with each other.
MASS-TYPE PSYCHERY PHENOMENA are socio-psychological phenomena that arise among the masses of people (population, crowd, mass, group, nation, etc.). M.p. includes rumors, panic, imitation, contagion, suggestion, etc.
MASS COMMUNICATIONS are means of transmitting information intended for a mass audience: print, radio, television, etc.
A MELANCHOLIC is a person whose behavior is characterized by slow reactions to stimuli, as well as speech, thought, and motor processes.
DREAMS are a person’s plans for the future, imagined in their imagination, and realizing their most important needs and interests.
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS are the totality of movements of a person’s facial parts that express their state or attitude toward what they perceive (imagine, ponder, remember, etc.).
MODALITY is a concept denoting the quality of sensations arising under the influence of certain stimuli.
POWER MOTIVE is a stable personality trait expressing one person’s need to wield power over others, the desire to dominate, manage, and control them.
MOTIVE is an internal, stable psychological cause of a person’s behavior or action.
SUCCESS MOTIVE is the need to achieve success in various activities, considered a stable personality trait.
FAILURE AVOIDANCE MOTIVE is a more or less persistent human desire to avoid failure in life situations where the results of one’s actions are evaluated by others. M.H.N. is a personality trait opposite to the success motive.
MOTIVATION is a dynamic process of internal, psychological, and physiological behavioral control, including its initiation, direction, organization, and support.
MOTIVATION is a rationale, a person’s own explanation of their actions, which may not always correspond to the truth.
THINKING is a psychological process of cognition associated with the discovery of subjectively new knowledge, problem solving, and the creative transformation of reality.
OBSERVATION is a method of psychological research designed to directly obtain the necessary information through the senses.
SKILL is a formed, automatically performed movement that does not require conscious control or special volitional effort to perform.
VISUAL-ACTIVE THINKING is a method of practical problem solving that involves visually examining a situation and practical actions with material objects.
VISUAL-IMAGINATIVE THINKING is a method of problem solving that includes observing a situation and manipulating images of its constituent objects without taking practical actions with them.
RELIABILITY is the quality of a scientific research method that allows for obtaining the same results with repeated or multiple uses of a given method.
INTENTION is a conscious desire, a readiness to do something.
PERSONALITY ORIENTATION is a concept denoting the set of needs and motives of an individual that determines the main direction of their behavior.
TENSION is a state of heightened physical or psychological arousal, accompanied by unpleasant internal feelings and requiring release.
MOOD is a person’s emotional state, associated with mildly expressed positive or negative emotions and persisting over a long period of time.
LEARNING is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities through life experience.
NEUROTICISM is a human trait characterized by increased excitability, impulsivity, and anxiety.
NEGATIVISM is a person’s demonstrative opposition to others, rejecting reasonable advice from others. Often seen in children during age crises.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY is a branch of psychology that studies the relationship between mental processes, traits, and states and brain function.
SOCIAL NORMS are rules of behavior accepted in a given society or group that govern human relationships.
IMAGE — a generalized picture of the world (objects, phenomena), formed as a result of processing information about it, received through the senses.
FEEDBACK — the process of receiving information about the state of a communication partner to improve communication and achieve the desired result.
COMMUNICATION — the exchange of information between people, their interaction.
ORDINARY CONSCIOUSNESS — the average level of consciousness of the masses of people that make up a given society. O.S. differs from scientific consciousness by the low reliability and accuracy of the information contained in it.
OBJECTIVATION — the process and result of localizing images of perception in the external world, where the source of perceived information is located.
GIFTEDNESS — the presence in a person of the inclination to develop abilities.
EXPECTATION — one of the basic concepts of cognitive psychology, expressing a person’s ability to anticipate future events.
ONTOGENESIS — the process of individual development of an organism or personality.
WORKING MEMORY — a type of memory designed to retain information for a certain period of time necessary to perform a certain action or operation.
OPERATION — a system of movements associated with the performance of a specific action aimed at achieving its goal.
DEFINITION — a dialectical-materialistic concept denoting the process and result of the embodiment of human activity in objects, constituting material and spiritual culture, as well as human abilities.
SURVEY — a method of psychological study, during which people are asked questions and, based on their answers, their psychology is judged.
PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE — a method of personality research based on the use of a system of written or oral, pre-planned questions addressed to the person whose psychological characteristics are subject to study.
ORIENTATION REACTION (REFLEX) — the body’s reaction to new stimuli, manifested in its general activation, concentration of attention, and mobilization of strength and resources.
MEANINGFULNESS OF PERCEPTION — the property of human perception to ascribe a specific meaning to the perceived object or phenomenon, designate it with a word, and assign it to a specific linguistic category.
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR is human behavior that deviates from established legal or moral norms, violating them.
REFLECTION is a philosophical and epistemological concept related to the theory of knowledge. According to it, all mental processes and human states are viewed as reflections in the mind of an objective reality independent of the individual.
ALIENATION is the process or result of a person’s loss of significance or personal meaning in something that previously attracted their attention, was interesting, and important.
SENSATION is an elementary mental process that represents a subjective reflection by a living being in the form of mental phenomena of the simplest properties of the surrounding world.
MEMORY is the process of memorizing, storing, reproducing, and processing a variety of information by humans.
GENETIC MEMORY is memory determined by the genotype and passed down from generation to generation.
LONG-TERM MEMORY is memory designed for long-term storage and repeated retrieval of information, provided it is retained.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY is memory designed for storing information for a short period of time, from a few to tens of seconds, until the information it contains is used or transferred to long-term memory.
PANIC is a mass psychological phenomenon characterized by the simultaneous emergence of feelings of fear, anxiety, as well as disordered, chaotic movements and ill-considered actions in many people in contact with each other.
PANTOMIME is a system of expressive movements performed using the body.
PRIMARY DATA — information about the phenomena under study that is obtained at the beginning of the research and subject to further processing before reliable conclusions about these phenomena can be drawn on its basis.
PRIMARY EMOTIONS — genotypically (see genotype) conditioned simple emotional experiences: pleasure, displeasure, pain, fear, anger, etc.
EXPERIENCE — a sensation accompanied by emotions.
PERSONALIZATION — the process of turning a person into an individual (see), acquiring individuality.
PERCEPTIVE — relating to perception.
IMITATION — conscious or unconscious human behavior aimed at reproducing the actions and deeds of others.
GENDER-ROLE BEHAVIOR — behavior characteristic of a person of a certain gender in the social role that corresponds to this gender.
UNDERSTANDING — a psychological state expressing the correctness of a decision made and accompanied by a feeling of confidence in the accuracy of the perception or interpretation of an event, phenomenon, or fact.
AN ACT is a conscious, willful action based on certain beliefs.
A NEED is a state of need of an organism, individual, or personality for something essential for their normal existence.
A PRACTICAL WAY OF THINKING is a type of thinking aimed at solving practical problems.
AN OBJECTIVITY OF PERCEPTION is the ability to represent the world not as individual sensations, but as holistic images related to perceived objects.
A PREJUDICE is a persistent, erroneous opinion, not supported by facts or logic, based on faith.
A PRECONSCIOUS state occupies an intermediate position between the conscious and unconscious. It is characterized by a vague awareness of what is being experienced, but a lack of volitional control or the ability to manage it.
REPRESENTATION is the process and result of reproducing an object, event, or phenomenon in the form of an image.
HABITUATION is the cessation or reduction of the severity of a response to an ongoing stimulus.
PROJECTION is a defense mechanism by which a person rids himself of worries about his own shortcomings by attributing them to others.
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR is a person’s behavior among people, selflessly aimed at their benefit.
PSYCHE is a general concept denoting the totality of all mental phenomena studied in psychology.
MENTAL PROCESSES are processes occurring in the human mind and reflected in dynamically changing mental phenomena: sensations, perception, imagination, memory, thinking, speech, etc.
PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY OF PEOPLE is the ability of people to find mutual understanding, establish business and personal contacts, and cooperate.
PSYCHOTHERAPY is a physician’s comprehensive psychological intervention on the patient’s psyche through words. The goal of psychotherapy is to eliminate painful symptoms and change attitudes toward oneself, one’s condition, and the environment. Psychotherapy, in its broadest sense, encompasses the entire spectrum of communication between physician and patient. A physician of any specialty, when communicating with a patient, exerts a psychological influence on them. In conversation with the patient, the physician seeks to assess their mental state, understand, and elucidate the causes that led to the patient’s deterioration. The basis of all psychotherapeutic methods is suggestion and explanation, offered in various proportions and sequences.
IRRITABILITY is the ability of living organisms to respond biologically appropriately (for self-preservation and development) to environmental influences that are significant for their life.
ABSENT-MINDEDNESS is the inability to concentrate attention on an object.
REACTION is the body’s response to a stimulus.
RELAXATION is the process of reducing the effects of stress on your mind and body. It is a skill that helps you transition from a state of tension to a state of calmness, which can lower your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
REFERENCE GROUP is a group of people who are attractive to an individual in some way. It is a group source of individual values, judgments, actions, norms, and rules of conduct.
REFERENTOMETRY is a technique that allows one to determine the degree of significance of each group member for their fellow community members, identifying, on the one hand, those whose opinions in a given community are oriented toward the majority of its members, and on the other, those whose position on a given issue is practically indifferent to everyone.
REFLEX is the automatic response of the body to the action of some internal or external stimulus.
REFLECTION is the ability of the human mind to focus on itself.
SPEECH is a system of sound signals, written signs, and symbols used by humans to represent, process, store, and transmit information.
DECISION is a readiness to take practical action, a formed intention to perform a specific act.
RIGIDITY is a slowness of thought, manifested in the difficulty of a person abandoning a once-made decision, way of thinking, and action.
ROLE is a concept that describes a person’s behavior in a specific life situation corresponding to their position (e.g., the role of a leader, subordinate, father, mother, etc.).
SELF-ACTUALIZATION is the use and development of one’s existing talents, transforming them into abilities. The pursuit of personal self-improvement. The concept of self-improvement was introduced in humanistic psychology.
SELF-SUGGESTION is a process aimed at instilling in oneself ideas, thoughts, and feelings that help eliminate painful phenomena and improve overall well-being.
SELF-CONTROL is a person’s ability to maintain inner calm, act rationally and deliberately in difficult life situations.
SELF-DETERMINATION OF PERSONALITY is a person’s independent choice of their life path, goals, values, moral standards, future profession, and living conditions.
SELF-ESTEEM is a person’s assessment of their own qualities, strengths, and weaknesses.
SELF-REGULATION is the process of a person managing their own psychological and physiological states, as well as actions.
SELF-AWARENESS is a person’s awareness of themselves and their own qualities.
SANGUINE – a temperament type characterized by energy, increased efficiency, and quick reactions.
PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM – a complex of physical characteristics of the nervous system that determine the processes of the origin, conduction, switching, and termination of nerve impulses in various parts and sections of the central nervous system.
SENSITIVE PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT – a period in a person’s life that provides the most favorable conditions for the formation of certain psychological properties and types of behavior.
SENSITIZATION – increased sensitivity of the senses under the influence of certain stimuli, in particular those that simultaneously reach other senses (for example, increased visual acuity under the influence of auditory stimuli).
SENSORY – associated with the functioning of the senses.
STRENGTH OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM – the ability of the nervous system to withstand prolonged and heavy loads.
SYMBOL – a sign of something that has a certain similarity with the designated object.
SYMPATHY is a feeling of emotional predisposition toward a person, a heightened interest in, and attraction to them.
SYNESTHESIA is the ability of a stimulus, addressed by nature to a sensory organ adapted to it, to simultaneously evoke an unusual sensation in another sensory organ. For example, when perceiving music, some people may experience visual sensations.
LIKELIHOOD is a predisposition toward something.
VERBAL-LOGICAL THINKING is a type of human thinking in which verbal abstraction and logical reasoning serve as a means of solving problems.
PERSONAL MEANING is the significance that an object, event, fact, or word acquires for a given person as a result of their personal life experience. The concept of SL was introduced by A.N. Leontiev.
CONSCIENCE is a concept denoting a person’s ability to experience, deeply perceive, and regret instances of violation of moral standards by themselves or others. S. characterizes a person who has achieved a high level of psychological development.
COMPATIBILITY is the ability of people to work together, to successfully solve problems that require coordination of actions and good mutual understanding.
CONSCIOUSNESS is the highest level of a person’s mental reflection of reality, its representation in the form of generalized images and concepts.
EMPATHY is a person’s experience of the same feelings and emotions that are characteristic of those around them (see also empathy).
RIVALRY is a person’s desire to compete with others, the desire to gain the upper hand, win, and surpass them.
CONCENTRATION is a person’s concentrated attention.
COOPERATION is a person’s desire for coordinated, well-coordinated work with people. A willingness to support and assist them. The opposite of rivalry.
RETENTION is one of the memory processes aimed at retaining received information.
SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING is the theory and practice of special psychotherapeutic influence on people, designed to improve their communication and adaptation to life conditions.
SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS are the judgments, actions, and deeds expected of a person occupying a certain position in society, corresponding to their social role.
SOCIAL STEREOTYPE is a person’s distorted social attitudes towards people of a certain category, arising under the influence of limited or one-sided life experience of communicating with representatives of a given social group: national, religious, cultural, etc.
SOCIOMETRY is a set of similarly constructed methods designed to identify and present in the form of sociograms and several special indices the system of personal relationships between members of a small group.
SMALL GROUP COHESION is a psychological characteristic of the unity of members of a small group.
ABILITIES are the individual characteristics of people that determine their acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities, as well as their success in various activities.
STATUS is a person’s position within a group, determining their authority in the eyes of other group members.
LEADERSHIP STYLE is the characteristics of the relationship between a leader and followers. It describes the methods and means a leader uses to influence those dependent on them.
DRIVE is the desire and willingness to act in a certain way.
STRESS is a state of mental (emotional) and behavioral distress associated with a person’s inability to act appropriately and wisely in a given situation.
SUBJECTIVE — relating to a person—the subject.
THINKING FRAMEWORK — a system of concepts or a logic of reasoning habitually applied by a person when confronted with an unfamiliar object or a new task.
TALENT is a high level of development of human abilities, ensuring the achievement of outstanding success in a particular activity.
CREATIVE THINKING is a type of thinking associated with the creation or discovery of something new.
TEMPERAMENT is a dynamic characteristic of mental processes and human behavior, manifested in their speed, variability, intensity, and other characteristics.
ACTIVITY THEORY is a psychological theory that considers human mental processes as types of internal activity originating from external activity and having a structure similar to external activity. Developed by A.N. Leontiev.
TEST is a standardized psychological technique designed for a comparative quantitative assessment of the psychological quality being studied in a person.
TESTING is the procedure for applying tests in practice.
ANXIETY is a human tendency to enter a state of heightened anxiety, experiencing fear and worry in specific social situations.
CONVICTION is a person’s confidence in their own rightness, supported by relevant arguments and facts.
RECOGNITION is the assignment of a perceived object to a category of already known ones.
SKILL is the ability to perform certain actions with good quality and successfully cope with activities involving these actions.
INFERENCE is the process of logically deducing a certain proposition from certain reliable statements—premises.
LEVEL OF ASPIRATION is the maximum success a person expects to achieve in a particular activity.
ATTITUDE is a readiness or predisposition to certain actions or reactions to specific stimuli.
FATIGUE is a state of tiredness, accompanied by— (see autism, imagination, daydreaming, reverie).
FAMILIAR – generally refers to something or someone well-known, recognizable, or closely associated with you due to frequent contact or prior experience.
PHLEGMATICAL – a temperament characterized by decreased reactivity and poorly developed, slow expressive movements.
FRUSTRATION – an emotionally difficult experience of failure, accompanied by a feeling of hopelessness and the collapse of hopes in achieving a specific desired goal.
CHARACTER is a set of personality traits that determine typical ways of responding to life circumstances.
CENSORSHIP is a psychoanalytic concept that describes subconscious psychological forces that seek to prevent certain thoughts, feelings, images, and desires from entering consciousness.
VALUES are what a person particularly values in life, to which they ascribe a special, positive meaning.
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is the part of the nervous system that includes the brain, diencephalon, and spinal cord.
CENTRAL describes the neural processes occurring at the higher levels of the central nervous system.
A PERSONALITY TRAITS is a stable personality trait that determines characteristic behavior and thinking.
AMBITION is a person’s drive for success, aimed at increasing their authority and recognition from others.
SENSITIVITY is the body’s ability to remember and respond to environmental stimuli that have no direct biological significance but evoke a psychological response in the form of sensations.
FEELING is the highest, culturally conditioned human emotion associated with a specific social object.
EGOCENTRISM is a person’s exclusive focus on themselves, accompanied by ignoring what is happening around them.
EXTROVERSION is a person’s focus on what is happening around them. Extroversion is the opposite of introversion.
EMOTIONS are basic experiences that arise in a person under the influence of the general state of the body and the process of satisfying current needs.
EMOTIONALITY is a personality characteristic manifested in the frequency of various emotions and feelings.
EMPATHY is a person’s ability to sympathize with and empathize with others, to understand their internal states.
EFFERENT is a process directed from the inside out, from the central nervous system to the periphery of the body.
LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY is a branch of psychology that studies the mental processes, phenomena, and states of people involved in perceiving and following legal norms. Legal psychology also explores phenomena related to pretrial investigation, trial, and the correction of convicted individuals.
